Agreement between the Governments of India and Afghanistan as to the Afghan-Kurram Frontier, 1894
The division of the frontier of the two allied States, i.e., the God-granted Kingdom of Afghanistan and the illustrious Government of India, between the Jajis and Turis, Khostis and Turis and Khostis and Waziris from Sikaram Sar to the Laram peak according to the map which was prepared at the Capital, Kabul, on the 2nd Jamadi-ul-awal 1311 H., corresponding to 12th November 1893, on the occasion of the visit of the Mission to His Highness the Amir, has been made as follows:
The line of boundary starts from the Sikaram peak and descends along the Azghanni watershed and thence runs along the watershed to Bargawi. From Bargawi it runs along the watershed (of) Gabzan Sar to the Peiwar Kotal and these watersheds separate the waters (drainage) of Hariob and Kurram. From the Peiwar Kotal (the boundary line) runs along the same watershed to Manri Kandao and reaches Kimatai Kotal. From Kimatai Kotal (it runs) along the watershed of the spur of the hill north and east between Istia and Kurram and (through) Margho, Kandao, llandatti Kandao, Dre Drang, Sparo Gawi, Bar Tangi Sar, Bablol Sar and Kharpachu Sar near the Istia Nullah. From these it descends from the above-mentioned watershed and joins the Istia Nullah, and in this way goes along the-above-mentioned ravine till it (reaches) the (limits) of the culturable lands of the Istia Jajis. (Then) it leaves the above-mentioned ravine and running between the pastures of Jajis and Turis it passes to the western end of the Tewza hillock. (Thence) it (runs) between the culturable lands of the people of Pathan and Kharlachi, and reaches the Lora which it follows, and passing through Lora Khula it runs between the culturable lands of the people of Pathan and Kharlachi, and on crossing the Kurram River it runs between the culturable lands of the afore said people to Sulimani Chowki on the hill near the south (bank) of Kurram. (Thence) ascending the Shon watershed and from there along the watershed of the same hill which separates the drainage of Shpol and Dozegar and Kurram and passing through Zer Kamar, Babkai Sar and Inzar Kandao and Tabibulla Kandao it ascends the summit of Mount Khwaja Khidr, generally known as Khwaja Khurm. From there it runs along the watershed of the hill which makes the water parting of China, Kot, etc., on the Jaji Maidan side and Kurram-it passes through Saide Kotanra and reaches Cherai Kandao. From Cherai Kandao it runs along the watershed of the above-mentioned hill till it reaches the Manz Darwazgai Pass and from Manz Darwazgai (it runs) along the watershed of the hill which makes the water parting between the Manz Darwazgai and Istar Darwazgai ravines it reaches the Chapra Sar watershed. Near Shua Darga it descends from Chapra Sar through Niazo Ghundi or Dorani Mela Sar and along the watershed of Bando Raga to the point of junction of the Shua Darga and Manz Darwazgai ravines-and crossing the above-mentioned ravines by the Lakka Tiga road it follows the above-mentioned road to the watershed of the Ninawar Khwar and Jaji Maidan (ravine) which it ascends to the Walli Hill. It descends along the watershed of the above-mentioned hill to Tirwa Watkai. Thence it crosses the Jaji Maidan ravine to Tirwa Watkai, the second, and circling round the Malli Khel Turi graveyard which is left to Kurram, it joins the foot of the Turkomanzai (spur). It (passes) through the limits of the pastures of Zerpan to Zere Sar, Shamshad Sar in a straight line to Dawe Sar, i.e., to the east of Koh-i-Naryag Sar. From there it runs along the watershed of the hill that divides the water of Khost from that of Kurram and passes through Ghwanda Cherai, Shaona Kandao, Manjarra Kandao, Khost and Kurram Kandao and Guldin Sar. Thence it ascends along the watershed to Shobakghar, i.e., the Inzar Mountain. It goes along the watershed of the above-mentioned hill and thence along the watershed of Shua Algad Sar to Batoi Kandao and along the watershed it basses through Istar Dar till it reaches the point of meeting of the watersheds of Kurram and Khost and Hassan Khels. Thence it runs along the watershed of the hill between Karangai and the country of the Hassan Khel Wazirs and passing through Manjarra Sar and Andarpaia Kandao it descends along the watershed to Tarlai Tangi and (then) crossing the Kaitu stream it ascends along the watershed of the hill which divides the drainage of the Laram ravine from that of the Gorambai and Goreshta (nullahs). It passes through Ucha Laram Sar and Bezo Sar till it joins on to the Laram peak shown in the map. Ends.
I, Sardar Shirindil Khan, Naib Salar-i-Mulki, and I, J. Donald, who have been (respectively) appointed by His Highness the Amir and the illustrious Government of India for the settlement of the details of the above-mentioned frontier, have determined, fixed and marked out as above with mutual understanding the above- mentioned boundary line from the aforesaid Sikaram Sar to the aforesaid Laram peak on the 22nd Jamadi-ul-awal 1312 H., corresponding to the 21st of November 1894 (and declare) it correct. Ends.
Further, it is written that the details of the above-mentioned demarcation are entered in detail on a separate map which accompanies this record. Ends.
KOTKAI:
The 21st November 1894.
J. DONALD,
Officer on Special Duty, and British
Boundary Commissioner,
Indo-Afghan-Kurram Boundary.
From: C. U. Aitchison, ed. A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads: Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries. Vol. XIII. Calcutta: Government of India Central Publication Branch, 1933, 258-260.